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The cause of asthma is still unknown. Even so, there are some things that can trigger the onset of symptoms of the disease, including:

• Infection of the lungs and respiratory tract that usually attacks the upper respiratory tract such as the flu.


• Allergens (animal dander, dust mites, and pollen).


• Exposure to airborne substances such as chemical fumes, smoke, and air pollution.


• Factors weather conditions, as the weather was cold, windy weather, hot weather supported poor air quality, damp weather, and drastic temperature changes.


• Conditions interiors damp, moldy and dusty.


• Stress.


• Excessive emotions (sadness protracted, excessively angry, and burst out laughing).


• Physical activity (eg, sports).


• Drugs, such as pain medication anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen ) and beta-blocker medications (usually given to people with heart problems or hypertension).


• Foods or drinks that contain sulfites (a natural substance that is sometimes used as a preservative), for example, butter, shrimp, processed foods, ready meals, drinks bottled fruit juice, beer, and wine.


• Food allergies (eg nuts).


• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or disease in which stomach acids back up into the esophagus so that irritate the upper gastrointestinal tract.

It's important to know what is often trigger symptoms if you are an asthma sufferer. Once informed, avoid these things because it is the best way for you to prevent asthma attacks.

The risk factors of asthma

Respiratory tract of people who have asthma is more sensitive and susceptible to inflammation compared to normal people when irritated by triggers that have been mentioned above.

When the symptoms of asthma, respiratory tract will be narrowed and the muscles around the channel tightening. In addition, there is increased inflammation of the lining of the respiratory tract and sputum production are increasingly adding a narrowing of the respiratory tract.

By narrowing the parts of the respiratory tract, then the air will be more difficult to flow and the patient became increasingly difficult to breathe.

According to research, there are several factors that can increase a person's risk of developing asthma, among them:

• Having a family with a history of asthma or


• atopic allergy (allergy-related conditions, such as food allergies and eczema ).


• Bronchiolitis disease or lung infections as a child.


• Birth weight below normal, which is less than two kilograms.


• Premature birth, especially if a ventilator.


• Exposure to cigarette smoke as a child. In the case of mothers who smoke during pregnancy, the risk to children suffering from asthma will increase.

The main symptoms of asthma include difficulty breathing (sometimes can make people gasp), coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing (sound is produced when air flows through narrowed airways). If these symptoms are recurrent, often with asthma becomes difficult to sleep.

The severity of asthma symptoms varies from mild to severe. Worsening of symptoms usually occurs at night or early morning. Often this makes asthmatics become difficult to sleep and the need for an inhaler more often. Moreover, the worsening of symptoms can also be triggered by an allergic reaction or physical activity.

Asthma symptoms worsened significantly called an asthma attack. Asthma attacks usually occur within 6-24 hours or even days. Even so, there are some patients who worsen asthma symptoms very quickly less than that time.

In addition to difficult breathing, chest tightness, and wheezing deteriorated significantly, other signs of a severe asthma attack can include:

• Reliever inhalers are no longer effective in dealing with the symptoms.


• Symptoms of a cough, wheezing, and tightness in the chest more severe and frequent.


• It's hard to talk, eat, or sleep due to difficult breathing.


• Lips and fingers look blue.


• Increased heart rate.


• Feeling dizzy, tired or sleepy.


• The decrease in peak expiratory flow.

Do not ignore if you or your family have signs of asthma attacks over. See your doctor to get further treatment.

Asthma is a type of long-term or chronic disease of the respiratory tract characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways that causes tightness or trouble breathing. In addition to breathing problems, asthma sufferers can also experience other symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma affects all ages, whether young or old.

Although the exact cause of asthma is not known clearly, but there are some things that often trigger it, such as cigarette smoke, dust, animal dander, exercise, cold air, viral infections, or even exposure to chemical substances.

For someone who has asthma, airway more sensitive than other people who do not live with this condition. When lungs irritated trigger on, then the muscles of the airways of asthmatics will become stiff and makes the channel narrows. In addition, there will be increased production of mucus that makes breathing more difficult.

Asthmatics in Indonesia

Basic health research report by the Ministry of Health in 2013 estimated the number of asthma patients in Indonesia reached 4.5 percent of the total population. Central Sulawesi Province was ranked the highest asthma sufferers as much as 7.8 percent of the total population in the area.

According to data released by WHO in May 2014, the death rate from asthma in Indonesia reached 24 773 people or about 1.77 percent of the total population mortality. After adjustment for the various population age, the data is once again put Indonesia at number 19 in the world about the deaths from asthma.

diagnosis of asthma

To determine whether a patient suffers from asthma, the doctor needs to perform a number of tests. But before the test is done, the doctor will usually ask a question the patient about any symptoms are felt, the time of onset of symptoms, and the patient's medical history and family.

If all the information given to patients leads to asthma, then the next doctor can perform tests to confirm the diagnosis, for example:

• spirometry


• Peak expiratory flow test (APE)


• Provocation Test bronchus


• Status Measurement Allergies


• CT Scan


• roentgen

If a person is diagnosed with asthma during childhood, symptoms may be absent when she was a teenager and come back when he was older. But the symptoms of asthma are classified as medium or heavy in childhood, will tend to remain there although it may also reappear. Nevertheless, asthma can occur at any age and does not always start from childhood.

treatment of asthma

There are two goals in the treatment of asthma, which relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence of symptoms. To support these objectives, required treatment from a doctor who plans tailored to the patient's condition. Treatment plan includes how to recognize and handle worsening symptoms, and drugs should be used.

It is important for patients to recognize the things that can trigger their asthma in order to avoid it. If the symptoms of asthma, medicines commonly recommended is a reliever inhaler.

When an asthma attack with symptoms worsening (slowly or rapidly) although it has been treated with an inhaler or other medication, the patient should immediately get treatment at the hospital. It is rare, asthma attacks may endanger lives. For patients with chronic asthma, inflammation of the airways longstanding and repeatedly can cause permanent narrowing.

complications of asthma

The following is the impact of asthma that can happen:

• Psychological problems (anxiety, stress, or depression).


• Declining performance in school or at work.


• The body often feels tired.


• Disorders of growth and puberty in children.


• Status asthmaticus (severe asthma who do not respond to normal therapy).


• Pneumonia.


• Respiratory failure.


• Damage to the part or the entire lung.


• Dead.

Controlling asthma

If you happen to suffer from asthma or living with asthma for a long time, do not worry about these conditions because asthma is a disease that is manageable as long as you:

• Recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers.


• Following asthma management plan created with your doctor.


• Recognize an asthma attack and take action appropriate treatment.


• Using asthma medication recommended by doctors on a regular basis.


• Monitor the condition of your airways.

If you use your inhaler asthma reliever quick reactions is increasing, immediately consult a doctor so that your asthma management plan readjusted. In addition, it is advisable to carry out vaccination influenza and pneumonia on a regular basis to prevent the worsening of asthma caused by both diseases.